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WHAT ARE GEOTECNOLOGY |
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GEOPROCESSAMENTO - Technical Definitions
GEOPROCESSING
It is the set of at least four categories of techniques related to the treatment of spacial information:
- Techniques for collection of space information (Cartography, Remote Sensoriamento, GPS, Conventional Topography, Photogrammetry, alphanumeric Data-collecting);
- Techniques of storage of space information (Data bases - Guided Objects, Relationary, Hierarchic, etc.)
- Techniques for treatment and analysis of space information, as Modeling of Data, Geoestatística, Logical Arithmetic, topological Functions, Nets; and
- Techniques for the integrated use of space information, as systems GIS - Geographic Information Systems, LIS - Land Information Systems, AM/FM - Automated Mapping/Facilities Management, CADD - Computer-Aided Drafting and Design.
Or:
GIS – Geographic Information Systems
GIS encloses in its definition some aspects already boarded in the Geoprocessing definition , but to GIS, they add institutional aspects, of human resources (peopleware) and mainly the specific application that it defines to.
Let see: GIS is a set of computational tools composed of equipment and programs that through techniques, integrates data, people and institutions, in sucha a way that it becomes possible the collection, the storage, the processing, the analysis and the sharing, of georreferencied data, of information produced by the available applications, aiming at bigger easiness, security and agility in the activities referring human beings to the monitoring, planning and relative decision taking to the geographic space.
System GIS
Many people talk about GIS meaning to the software, not the technology. We perceives an often difficulty of communication between professionals whom uses the same nomenclature to mention the different conceps. Thus, for a more complete agreement, it is necessary to explain the main components of a GIS, in which software is only one of these components. The other elements to be definined are: The HARDWARE, DATA, USERS and the METHODOLOGIES OF ANALYSIS.
See Also:
Software – it is formed by a set of programs (managed for one determined Operational system), whose basic purpose is to collect, to store, to process and to analyze geographic data, using to advantage of the increase of the speed, easiness of use and security in the handling of these informations, pointing towards a perspective multi, intra and to interdisciplinar of its use. Software contemplates five basic modules:
- Collect, Standardization, Entrance and Validation of Data;
- Storage and Recovery of Data;
- Transformation or Data processing;
- Analysis and Generation of Information;
- Exit and Presentation of Results.
And about the operational systems, looking to micro and mini computers the trend points toward the use of the different versions of Windows and Unix. Workstation uses compatible operational systems with Unix; the mainframes operate under VMS, UVS and Unix systems , among others.
Hardware – it is the set of necessary equipment to make the software be used to the described functions. In a short list, includes the computer and peripherals, as, plotter, scanner, pen tablets, units of storage (floppy-disk, hard disk, CD-ROM, magnetic ribbons and ZIP Drivers). The communication between computers also can be mentioned, being generated by a network.
Data – Are the raw material that feeds the system, allowing to generate INFORMATION, that is nothing else the meaning that is attributed to the data, of a determined point of view of one user. The power of the information is, without any doubt, unquestionable. However, what it has revolutionized the traditional processes of use of the information is the way as it can quickly processed and be used for different objectives for the way of it is presented, that is, georeferencied, or mapped.
Users – PEOPLE with common objectives form an ORGANIZATION or a WORK GROUP. The GIS by itself doesn't guarantee the efficiency nor the effectiveness of its application. As in any organization, new tools only become efficient when it is adequately integrated with all the process of work. For this, only investment is not enough, but staff training users and controllers to maximize the potential of use of a new technology.
Methodologies or Techniques of Analysis – they are directly linked to the knowledge and the experience of the professional who, from a definite objective submits its data to a specific treatment, to get the desired results. This aspect shows that the quality of the results of a GIS is not linked only to its sophistication and capacity of processing. Much more than this, is proportional to the experience of the user.
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